Module 5: social, economic, political

Module 5

Political

Problems in United Canada

• Political deadlock in assembly
• What do you expect – 42 votes each…10 Gov’ts between 1854-64
• 1850s – Canada West has more people à now they want rep by pop

Want to form a federation

• Afraid USA would take over Western Canada
• Needed to settle it (bring people to live there)

1864 – Reciprocity treaty ends

Political, Economic and foreign problems lead to….Confederation 1867

How did we get there?

• Sept 1864 Charlottetown Conference
• Oct 1864 Quebec Conference
  • Division of powers
• 1867 London Conference – BNA Act à Confederation

Federal System

• Strong Central Government (whole country)
• Provincial Governments (local issues)
  • First 4 provinces: Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick

Federal powers

• Criminal law
• Defense
• Post Office
• Money and banking
• Foreign Affairs

Provincial Powers

• Education
• Health
• Civil law

Main Political Issues

• Issues with Provincial Powers
• Métis Rebellions

Social

Agricultural crisis and industrialization forced people to leave land to find better jobs. They moved to

• Cities (Montreal, Quebec)
• West
• USA

By 1900 à 1.2 Million Quebecers left Quebec

Government tried to keep them here by giving land to farm but the land was no good, so this failed

Working conditions in the 1^st phase of industrialization à Crappy

• Unpleasant
• Poor ventilation
• Dangerous work
• Low pay, long hours
• Unions illegal until 1872

Urbanization begins (people living in cities)

• 1851 à 85% rural, 15% urban
• 1901 à 64% rural, 36% urban

Living conditions crappy in cities

• High mortality rate
• Overcrowded
• Poor hygiene – no running water or plumbing
• Garbage in streets

Territorial

• 1867 Confederation à Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick

• 1870 Manitoba
• 1871 British Columbia
• 1873 PEI

Economic

1847 – Britain free trade

1854-1864 – Reciprocity Treaty

1864 – looking for new trade partners

Confederation is the answer

• Uniting the colonies creates their own trade partners (Domestic Market – they trade with each other, freely)

Build a railroad to connect the united provinces

Creation of Domestic Market

Makes market bigger à West needs to be settled to improve economy

1878 – John A Macdonald National Policy

• Created to protect and develop economy
• Key points
  • Protective Tariffs to protect business
  • Immigration to settle West
  • Build railroad for trade

By 1901 – 1.5 million people come to Canada

1850s – Dairy farming starts (because of Agricultural crisis in 1840s)

New Railroads started to transport people and goods – CP 1885

1867-1896 1^st Phase of Industrialization

Industry à shoes, textiles, leather, tobacco, food processing, wood

Energy à steam and coal

Areas à Montreal, Quebec, Sherbroooke, Magog

Labour à unskilled

Working Locations à poor, dangerous, dirty

Capital à British

Market à England

Thanks Tracy!

lol………

thats boring……………………..im bored………………………………..school is………………..i feel…………like………..tacos